The 4 US Regions Explained

The Census Bureau divides the 50 states into Northeast, South, Midwest, and West, plus 9 subregions. Here's every state mapped, with the cultural and historical reasoning behind each line.

If you've ever wondered why politicians say "the South" or why weather forecasts group "the Midwest", the answer is the US Census Bureau's 4-region division, formalized in 1942 (its 9 divisions date to 1910). These four buckets show up in news, polling, sports, agriculture data, and education materials, so learning them isn't just trivia, it's how the country talks about itself.

You'll sometimes see a "5-region" or "7-region" split in textbooks. Those are informal. The Census 4 is the canonical reference, and it's what we use across Statedoku and the 50-states learning guide.

The 4 regions at a glance

RegionStatesPopulation (2025)Subregions
Northeast9~58MNew England, Mid-Atlantic
South16 + DC~134MSouth Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central
Midwest12~70MEast North Central, West North Central / Plains
West13~80MMountain, Pacific

Northeast (9 states)

Northeast , 9 states · oldest region by US history

The smallest region by area, the densest by population, and the cradle of American history. From the Mayflower landing in Massachusetts (1620) to Wall Street, the Northeast is where the country started and where its financial system still lives.

New England (6)

MaineNew HampshireVermontMassachusettsRhode IslandConnecticut

Mid-Atlantic (3)

New YorkNew JerseyPennsylvania
Easy to remember: New England is six small states in the top-right corner. Add NY + NJ + PA, three big ones below it, and you have the Northeast.

South (16 states + DC)

South , 16 states + DC · the largest region by population

The largest region by both states and people. Stretches from Delaware down to Florida, then west to Texas and Oklahoma. Within this region, the "Deep South" (AL, GA, LA, MS, SC) and Texas have distinct cultural identities, but for Census, statistics, and political analysis, all sixteen are South.

South Atlantic (8)

DelawareMarylandVirginiaWest VirginiaNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgiaFlorida

East South Central (4)

KentuckyTennesseeAlabamaMississippi

West South Central (4)

ArkansasLouisianaOklahomaTexas
Yes, Texas is officially South (not Southwest). That surprises many people. Same for Delaware, it's South, despite being a tiny coastal state right next to Pennsylvania.

Midwest (12 states)

Midwest , 12 states · the heartland

America's agricultural and industrial heartland. The Great Lakes states power the eastern half (manufacturing, automotive, the original "Rust Belt"). The Plains states power the western half (corn, wheat, cattle). If you want to understand the American food supply, this is the region.

East North Central (5)

WisconsinMichiganIllinoisIndianaOhio

West North Central / Plains (7)

MinnesotaIowaMissouriNorth DakotaSouth DakotaNebraskaKansas
Missouri is Midwest, not South. Despite being south of Iowa, the Census puts it here. Same logic for Kansas (the geographic center of the contiguous 48 states is in KS).

West (13 states)

West , 13 states · the biggest region by area

The largest region by area, by a wide margin. Stretches from the Rockies to the Pacific, plus Alaska and Hawaii. Mountain states are vast and sparsely populated. Pacific states (especially California) drive a huge share of the US economy.

Mountain (8)

MontanaIdahoWyomingNevadaUtahColoradoArizonaNew Mexico

Pacific (5)

WashingtonOregonCaliforniaAlaskaHawaii
Alaska and Hawaii are both Pacific subregion West, even though they're nowhere near Washington or Oregon geographically. The Census groups them with the Pacific because they're the non-contiguous parts of the US west of the lower 48.

Lock the regions in with a daily puzzle

Statedoku uses region constraints almost every day. Five minutes a day, you'll start seeing the regions automatically.

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Why "the 5 regions" isn't quite right

Some elementary-school textbooks teach 5 regions: Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, West. This splits the Census South into Southeast (FL, GA, AL, MS, SC, NC, VA, KY, TN, WV, MD, DE) and gives Texas and Oklahoma to a Southwest that also takes Arizona and New Mexico from the Census West (sometimes Louisiana and Arkansas too). It's a useful cultural simplification.

Others teach 7 or 9 regions based on cultural and historical groupings: New England, Mid-Atlantic, Appalachia, Deep South, Midwest, Great Plains, Mountain West, Pacific Coast. These are all valid lenses.

For news, polling, and data work, stick with the Census 4. It's the version Wikipedia uses, the federal government uses, and the version most adult Americans recognize when you say "Midwest" or "South".

How to memorize the 4 regions

  1. Northeast = New England plus New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 9 states.
  2. South = DC down to FL, then west to TX. 16 states. On the East Coast, the Mason-Dixon line is a good guide: Delaware, Maryland and everything south of them is South.
  3. Midwest = Great Lakes + Plains. 12 states. Picture a tilted rectangle from Ohio to North Dakota down to Kansas.
  4. West = everything west of the Plains. 13 states. Includes mountains, deserts, the Pacific coast, plus Alaska and Hawaii.

Try a quick test: name 3 states in each region without looking. If you can, you've internalized the structure. If you can't, the full 50-states guide walks through them region by region.

The full 50-states guide
Memorize all 50 state capitals
Full list of US states by region
Quick regions quiz
Browse all 50 state pages

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Frequently asked questions

How many regions does the US have?

The US Census Bureau officially divides the country into 4 regions: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West. These are further divided into 9 subregions. You'll sometimes see informal 5-region or 7-region splits in textbooks, but Census 4 is the standard reference.

What are the 4 regions of the US?

Northeast (9 states), South (16 states + DC), Midwest (12 states), and West (13 states).

What's the difference between the South and the Deep South?

'South' is the Census region of 16 states from Delaware to Texas. 'Deep South' is an informal cultural label for 5 to 7 states with the strongest plantation-era heritage, usually Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina.

Is Texas in the South or the Southwest?

Officially, Texas is in the Census South region (West South Central subregion). Culturally, Texas often groups with the Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada). Both classifications are common.

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